SimpleRiver

Aurichalcite

2005-04-04T23:26:00.000-07:00

A mineral composed of the hydroxide carbonate of zinc and copper (Zn, Cu)5(OH)6(CO3)2. It is commonly found with malachite in the oxidized zone of zinc and copper deposits as at Tomsk, Siberia; Santander, Spain; and Bisbee, Ariz., U.S. Its pale blue-green featherlike form distinguishes it from malachite; and, because it is a weathered product of zinc-rich ores, it can serve as a guide to

Hadrumetum

2005-04-04T04:45:00.000-07:00

Modern Susah , also spelled Sousa, or Sousse ancient Phoenician colony some 100 miles (160 km) south of Carthage, on the east coast of the Al-Hammamat Gulf in what is now Tunisia. Hadrumetum was one of the most important communities within the Carthaginian territory in northern Africa because of its location on the sea at the edge of the fertile Sahel region. In the Third Punic War (149–146 BC) Hadrumetum sided with Rome, and its citizens

Ford, Edmund Brisco

2005-04-02T04:46:00.000-08:00

Ford joined the faculty at the University of Oxford in 1927; he was made professor of ecological genetics in 1963, becoming emeritus professor in 1969. He

Bialik, Haim Nahman

2005-04-01T23:05:00.000-08:00

Born into poverty, Bialik was left fatherless when he was five or six years old and was brought up by his rigidly pious, learned

Thenard, Louis-jacques

2005-04-01T15:26:00.000-08:00

A peasant's son, Thenard endured extreme hardships to gain his scientific education. His several teaching posts were obtained through the influence of Nicolas-Louis Vauquelin, who also arranged Thenard's succession to his

Extremum

2005-03-31T14:15:00.000-08:00

Plural Extrema, in calculus, any point at which the value of a function is largest (a maximum) or smallest (a minimum). There are both absolute and relative (or local) maxima and minima. At a relative maximum the value of the function is larger than its value at immediately adjacent points, while at an absolute maximum the value of the function is larger than its value at any other point in

Epistemology, Knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description

2005-03-30T14:55:00.000-08:00

The distinction between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description was introduced by Bertrand Russell in connection with his celebrated theory of descriptions. Here only the epistemological (as distinct from the logical) version of his theory will be considered. It was invented by Russell to lend support to the basic thesis of empiricism that all

Saarinen, (gottlieb) Eliel

2005-03-30T02:18:00.000-08:00

He became the foremost architect of his generation in Finland before he moved to the U.S. in 1923. By 1914 he was widely known in Europe

Antarctica, Geologic record

2005-03-29T23:16:00.000-08:00

Raymond J. Adie (ed.), Antarctic Geology (1964), and Antarctic Geology and Geophysics (1972); Campbell Craddock (ed.), Antarctic Geoscience (1982); R.L. Oliver, P.R. James, and J.B. Jago (eds.), Antarctic Earth Science (1983); and M.R.A. Thomson, J.A. Crame, and J.W. Thomson (eds.), Geological Evolution of Antarctica (1991), are records of international symposia describing Earth science research by many nations. J.C. Behrendt and C.R. Bentley, Magnetic and Gravity Maps of the Antarctic (1968); and Campbell Craddock et al., Geologic Maps of Antarctica (1969–70), provide maps and texts, the latter work covering most mountain regions at a 1:1,000,000 scale. Other works on the geology of Antarctica are Edmund Stump (ed.), Geological Investigations in Northern Victoria Land (1986); and W.E. LeMasurier and J.W. Thomson (eds.), Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans (1990). Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, vol. 28 (1975), 35 (1976), and 36 (1977), contain results of drilling by the Glomar Challenger in Antarctic waters. Results of drilling by the JOIDES Resolution are contained in Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results, especially vol. 113 (1990), from the Weddell Sea, vol. 114 (1991), from subantarctic regions and the Falkland Islands, and vol. 119 (1991), from the Kerguelen Plateau. A.L. Graham and John O. Annexstad, “Antarctic Meteorites,” Antarctic Science, 1(1):3–14 (1989), reviews the findings and origins of meteorites in Antarctica. Many details of Antarctic meteorite investigations are also reported in volumes of the Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites (annual), published by the National Institute of Polar Research.

Chemical Banking Corporation

2005-03-28T15:55:00.000-08:00

The holding company's principal subsidiary was Chemical Bank, which was chartered in 1824 in New York City as a division of the New York Chemical Manufacturing Company. Manufacturing activities were dropped in 1832. In 1844 the company was reconstituted as a state bank, and the chemical

Paraíba

2005-03-26T21:40:00.000-08:00

Also called Parahyba, or Parahyba Do Norte, estado (“state”) of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Paraíba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Ceará on the west, and Pernambuco on the south and by the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its area is 20,833 square miles (53,958 square km). Its chief river, the Paraíba, rises on the Pernambuco border and enters the Atlantic Ocean near the state capital,

Scipio Africanus The Elder

2005-03-26T19:52:00.000-08:00

After his capture of Tunis, the Carthaginians sought peace terms, but Hannibal's subsequent return to Africa led to their renewing the war in 202. Scipio advanced southwestward to join the Numidian prince Masinissa, who was bringing his invaluable cavalry to his support. Then he turned eastward to face Hannibal at the Battle of Zama; his outflanking tactics failed against

Vlach

2005-03-26T18:26:00.000-08:00

The

Waterfall

2005-03-24T23:04:00.000-08:00

Area where flowing river water drops abruptly and nearly vertically (see video). Waterfalls represent major interruptions in river flow. Under most circumstances rivers tend to smooth out irregularities in their flow by processes of erosion and deposition. In time, the long profile of a river (the graph of its gradient) takes the form of a smooth curve, steepest toward

Adams, William Taylor

2005-03-24T21:13:00.000-08:00

Although he never graduated from college, Adams was a teacher and principal in Boston elementary schools for more than 20 years. Under the pen name Oliver Optic, he wrote

Afar

2005-03-24T06:49:00.000-08:00

Amharic Adal, Arabic Denakil, a people of the Horn of Africa who speak Saho, a language of the Eastern Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) family. They live in northeastern Ethiopia and in Djibouti, where, with the Issas, they are the dominant people. It is thought that the Afars were the first of the present inhabitants of Ethiopia to elaborate their pastoral life into full-scale

Nurmi, Paavo

2005-03-23T10:21:00.000-08:00

Along with numerous other Finns who gained Olympic

Adams, William Taylor

2005-03-22T19:47:00.000-08:00

African organization established by the Treaty of Lagos in May 1975 to promote economic trade, cooperation, and self-reliance. The organization seeks to harmonize agricultural policies and to facilitate the free movement of peoples, services, and capital between members. The original 15 members were Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali,

Yima

2005-03-22T04:46:00.000-08:00

According to one legend, Yima declined God's (Ahura Mazda's) offer to make him the vehicle of the religion and was instead given the task of establishing man's life on earth. He became

Babbage, Charles

2005-03-21T13:43:00.000-08:00

In 1812 Babbage helped found the Analytical Society, whose object was to introduce developments from the European continent into English mathematics. In 1816 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London. He

Vagus Nerve

2005-03-21T04:04:00.000-08:00

Also called Tenth Cranial Nerve, longest and most complex of the cranial nerves. The vagus nerve runs from the brain through the face and thorax to the abdomen. It is a mixed nerve that contains parasympathetic fibres. The vagus nerve has two sensory ganglia (masses of nerve tissue that transmit sensory impulses): the superior and the inferior ganglia. The branches of the superior ganglion innervate

San Cristóbal Island

2005-03-20T20:10:00.000-08:00

Spanish Isla San Cristóbal , also called Chatham Island one of the easternmost of the Galápagos Islands in the eastern Pacific Ocean. San Cristóbal Island lies approximately 600 miles (965 km) west of Ecuador. It was originally named by English pirates for William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. With an area of 195 square miles (505 square km), San Cristóbal is the most populated and fertile island of the archipelago. Volcanic in origin, with its highest

Straits Times, The

2005-03-19T19:51:00.000-08:00

It was founded in 1845 as a single-sheet weekly by Robert Carr Woods to provide commercial information needed by Singapore's bustling port community. The paper became a daily in 1858. Its facilities were destroyed by fire in 1869, but the paper

Vale Of Glamorgan

2005-03-19T16:31:00.000-08:00

County, southern Wales, extending along the Bristol Channel coast west of Cardiff and lying entirely within the historic county of Glamorgan (Morgannwg). It comprises an undulating coastal platform, with an average elevation of about 200 feet (60 metres), that often terminates abruptly in cliffs at the coast. Along other sections of the coast, however, there are sand

Henogamy

2005-03-19T03:19:00.000-08:00

The custom by which one, and only one, member of a family is permitted to marry. The classic example is that of the patrilineal Nambudiri Brahmans of Malabar in Tamil Nadu, India; among them, only eldest sons were permitted to marry Nambudiri women and have legitimate children. The custom is concerned with the need to keep property intact and to limit the number of legitimate

Rabemananjara, Jacques

2005-03-18T15:39:00.000-08:00

Rabemananjara began writing in the early 1940s and published his first volume of verse, Sur les marches du soir (“On the Edges of Evening”), in 1942. A death sentence imposed on him for his alleged participation in the 1947 revolt in Madagascar embittered him, despite a later reprieve, and the poems of Antidote, written

Bignoniaceae

2005-03-17T13:47:00.000-08:00

The trumpet creeper or catalpa family of the figwort order of flowering plants (Scrophulariales). It contains about 112 genera and more than 725 species of trees, shrubs, and, most commonly, vines, chiefly of tropical America, tropical Africa, and the Indo-Malayan region. They form an important part of the tropical forest vegetation because of the numerous

Nero

2005-03-17T11:05:00.000-08:00

In full Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus , also called (AD 50–54) Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus , original name Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus the fifth Roman emperor (AD 54–68), stepson and heir of the emperor Claudius. He became infamous for his personal debaucheries and extravagances and, on doubtful evidence, for his burning of Rome and persecutions of Christians.

Amarna, Tell El-

2005-03-17T06:14:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Tall al-Amarna , or Tel el-Amarna site of the ruins and tombs of the city of Akhetaton (“Horizon of Aton”) in Upper Egypt, 44 miles (71 km) north of modern Asyut in al-Minya muhafazah (governorate). On a virgin site on the east bank of the Nile, Akhenaton (Amenhotep IV) built the city in about 1348 BC as the new capital of his kingdom when he abandoned the worship of Amon and devoted himself to that of Aton. About four years after Akhenaton's

A Moving Habitat:

2005-03-16T07:41:00.000-08:00

About once a week the three-toed sloth of Central and South America (Bradypus variegatus) descends from the trees, where it lives among the branches. For this slow-moving mammal, the journey is a dangerous and laborious undertaking, but it is one of great importance to members of the community among and aboard the sloth. Once the sloth has reached

Vouet, Simon

2005-03-15T21:39:00.000-08:00

Vouet formed his style in Italy, where he lived from 1612 to 1627. The use of dramatic contrasts of light and shade seen in such early works as his “Two Lovers” indicates that he began in Rome as a follower of Caravaggio. Works done after 1620, however, such as “St. Bruno” (1620) and “Cupid and

Kerr, Sir John Graham

2005-03-15T08:07:00.000-08:00

Kerr's scientific education began when he was a student of medicine, but

Stadium

2005-03-14T21:50:00.000-08:00

Enclosure that combines broad space for athletic games and other exhibitions with large seating capacity for spectators. The name derives from the Greek unit of measurement, the stade, the distance covered in the original Greek footraces (about 600 feet [180 metres]). The course for the footrace in the ancient Olympic Games at Olympia was exactly a stade in length, and the

China, Korea and the Sino-Japanese War

2005-03-14T15:02:00.000-08:00

After the Meiji Restoration, Japan made many efforts, all in vain, to open new and direct intercourse with

Floral Decoration, Other cultures

2005-03-13T20:18:00.000-08:00

Outside the West and the Far East, the arranging of plant materials was more a casual part of everyday life than a formally recognized medium of artistic expression. The elaborate stylistic traditions evolved and formulated in the West and Far East through centuries of sophisticated creative activity are rarely found, therefore, in other cultures. In the Islamic

Nabulus

2005-03-12T20:26:00.000-08:00

Shechem, a Canaanite city, was important in ancient Palestine because of its position in an east–west pass between

Hughes Electronics Corporation

2005-03-12T16:01:00.000-08:00

American provider of wireless telecommunication services and formerly a leading manufacturer of satellites. The company was formed in 1985 as GM Hughes Electronics, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Motors Corporation, and renamed in 1995 as Hughes Electronics Corporation. In 2000 Hughes sold its satellite-manufacturing business to Boeing Company. Headquarters are

Tallahatchie River

2005-03-12T09:45:00.000-08:00

River rising in Tippah county, Mississippi, U.S., and flowing 230 miles (370 km) west and then south to join the Yalobusha River just north of Greenwood in Leflore county to form the Yazoo River. The upper section of the river (above the influx of the Yocona and Coldwater rivers) is sometimes called the Little Tallahatchie. Immediately southeast of Sardis, Mississippi, is a dam, constructed

Freiburg, Albert Ludwig University Of

2005-03-11T04:26:00.000-08:00

German in full Albert-ludwigs-universität Freiburg Im Breisgau, academically autonomous coeducational institution of higher learning at Freiburg im Breisgau, Ger., financially supported by the state of Baden-Württemberg. Founded in 1457 by Archduke Albrecht of Austria and confirmed by the Holy Roman emperor and the pope, the university was at first named after its founder, but at the beginning of the 19th century added “Ludwig” to the

China, Political institutions

2005-03-11T03:53:00.000-08:00

The Ch'ing had come to power because of their success at winning Chinese over to their side; in the late 17th century they adroitly pursued similar policies to win the adherence of the Chinese literati. Ch'ing emperors learned Chinese, addressed their subjects using Confucian rhetoric, reinstated the civil service examination system and the Confucian curriculum,

Murakami Haruki

2005-03-10T15:04:00.000-08:00

As a boy, Murakami rebelled against the study of Japanese literature, instead reading American paperbacks. This early and sustained interest is evident in the structure and nontraditional style of his own novels. His first internationally

Yggdrasill

2005-03-09T18:35:00.000-08:00

Old Norse Mimameidr in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the underworld; another into Jötunheim, land of the giants; and the third into Asgard, home of the gods. At its base were three wells: Urdarbrunnr (Well of Fate), from which the tree was watered by the Norns (the Fates); Hvergelmir (Roaring Kettle), in which dwelt Nidhogg

Keeler, James (edward)

2005-03-09T17:12:00.000-08:00

Interested in astronomy from an early age, Keeler became assistant to the noted astronomer Samuel P. Langley at the Allegheny Observatory, Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1881. From 1886 to 1891 he was on the staff of the Lick

Shensi, Resources

2005-03-08T17:27:00.000-08:00

The basin in the north of the province has enormous coal reserves, second in size only to those of Shansi. Important modern mines are those at T'ung-ch'uan, on the northern slope of the Wei Valley, and at Han-ch'eng, near the Huang Ho. There are minor coal and oil-shale deposits in the Han Basin in the south, where there are also iron-ore deposits. The Tsinling Mountains contain

Burgh Family

2005-03-08T01:41:00.000-08:00

Originally Burgo, also spelled Bourke, Burke, a historic Anglo-Irish family associated with Connaught. Its founder was William de Burgo, of a knightly family from eastern England; he and his descendants were granted much of Connaught in the late 12th century, and his grandson Walter was also granted Ulster. Although Walter's great-grandson, William, left no male heir, his kinsmen succeeded in holding the bulk of the

Tabriz School

2005-03-07T10:58:00.000-08:00

The early works of the Tabriz school were

Venkataraman, Ramaswamy

2005-03-07T01:00:00.000-08:00

Venkataraman studied law at the University of Madras and began his legal practice in 1935. He became involved in India's independence struggle and was consequently jailed by the British (1942–44). After his release he continued to practice law,

Kaneohe

2005-03-06T20:36:00.000-08:00

Town, Honolulu County, northeastern Oahu Island, Hawaii, U.S. Spreading from the foothills of the Koolau Range to Kaneohe Bay, it is primarily residential and is the seat of Windward Community College (1972). Like neighbouring Kailua to the east, the Kaneohe (meaning “bamboo husband”) area was once the residence of the island's early kings. Local attractions include Waikalua,

Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston

2005-03-06T15:07:00.000-08:00

Breckinridge graduated from Wellesley College in 1888. After a time as a schoolteacher in Washington, D.C., she studied law in her father's office and in 1895 became the first woman to be admitted to the Kentucky bar. Uninterested in legal practice, she

Cellophane

2005-03-05T22:39:00.000-08:00

In the manufacturing process, an alkaline

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

2005-03-05T02:15:00.000-08:00

Although the Axis Powers failed in their global strategy, they crippled European colonial rule in Asia.

Oradour-sur-glane

2005-03-04T14:01:00.000-08:00

Oradour-sur-Glane was the site of a particularly brutal atrocity during World War II. The village and its inhabitants were destroyed by German troops on June 10, 1944, exactly two years after a similar fate had befallen the Czechoslovakian village of Lidice

Anne

2005-03-04T10:03:00.000-08:00

David Green, Queen Anne (1970); Edward Gregg, Queen Anne (1980).

Philip Ii

2005-03-03T16:43:00.000-08:00

In 358 he invaded Paeonia, and then he defeated the Illyrians decisively, in a battle that already suggests a master of war. The next year his marriage with Olympias, the Molossian princess of Epirus (the mother of Alexander the Great), helped to stabilize his western frontier. Now he ventured to antagonize Athens by recapturing Amphipolis, the strategic key securing the

Leninogorsk

2005-03-02T11:45:00.000-08:00

Kazak Leninogor , formerly (until 1941) Ridder city, northeastern Kazakstan. The city is situated in the southwestern Altai Mountains along the Ulba River, at an elevation of more than 3,300 feet (1,000 m). An Englishman, Philip Ridder, discovered a small mine containing gold, silver, copper, and lead there in 1786, and systematic mining started in 1791. Present-day Leninogorsk is an important centre of the lead and zinc industry and is connected

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

2005-03-02T09:59:00.000-08:00

British honorary institution founded by Edward VII in 1902 to reward those who provided especially eminent service in the armed forces or particularly distinguished themselves in science, art, literature, or the promotion of culture. The order is limited to only 24 members, although the British monarch can appoint foreigners as “honorary members.” The order carries no

Plumage

2005-03-02T04:59:00.000-08:00

Collective feathered covering of a bird. It provides protection, insulation, and adornment and also helps streamline and soften body contours, reducing friction in air and water. Plumage of the newborn chick is downy, called neossoptile; that which follows is termed teleoptile. Juvenal plumage, frequently distinct from that of the adult bird, is often drab, streaked,

Graetz, Heinrich

2005-02-28T06:54:00.000-08:00

Greatly influenced by his studies with the renowned scholar Rabbi Samson Raphael Hirsch, Graetz became a teacher at the Breslau (now Wroclaw, Pol.) seminary in 1854. The seminary taught a Conservative Judaism compatible with his belief that a Jewish

Mars Pathfinder

2005-02-28T04:10:00.000-08:00

Robotic U.S. spacecraft launched to Mars to demonstrate a new way to land a spacecraft on the planet's surface and the operation of an independent robotic rover. Developed by NASA as part of a low-cost approach to planetary exploration, Pathfinder successfully completed both demonstrations, gathered scientific data, and returned striking images from Mars. Its observations

Nephi

2005-02-28T03:17:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1882) of Juab county, north-central Utah, U.S. Located at the southern end of the Wasatch Range, the city was founded as an agricultural colony in 1851 and was originally called Salt Creek; in the late 1850s Mormon leaders renamed it after a prophet of the Book of Mormon. Nephi grew as a ranching and farming centre, later becoming a shipping point for gypsum mined in the vicinity

Amorphous Solid, Other preparation techniques

2005-02-28T00:20:00.000-08:00

Numerous other methods exist for preparing amorphous solids, and new methods are continually invented. In melt spinning, a jet of molten metal is propelled against the moving surface of a cold, rotating copper cylinder. A solid film of metallic glass is spun off as a continuous ribbon at a speed that can exceed a kilometre per minute. In laser glazing, a brief intense

Abbott, George

2005-02-27T01:41:00.000-08:00

After graduating from the University of Rochester, N.Y., in 1911, Abbott began acting on Broadway in 1913. He soon began writing and directing plays as well, and he achieved

Marriott, J(ohn) Willard

2005-02-26T22:48:00.000-08:00

The son of a Mormon rancher, Marriott worked his way through Weber College in Ogden and the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, graduating in 1926. He opened a small root beer and barbecue stand in Washington, D.C., in 1927 and by 1932 had

Bacau

2005-02-26T19:15:00.000-08:00

Judet(county), eastern Romania, occupying an area of 2,551 sq mi (6,606 sq km). The Eastern Carpathians and the sub-Carpathians rise above the settlement areas that are situated in intermontane valleys and lowlands. The county is drained southeastward by the Siret River and its tributaries. It was formerly included in feudal Moldavia. Manufactures of Bacau (q.v.) city, the county capital,

Western Africa, History Of, Francophone countries

2005-02-26T00:38:00.000-08:00

In Senegal, Léopold Senghor, with strong French support, maintained power until his resignation in 1980 by balancing conflicting factions and promising controlled political liberalization. His nominated successor, Abdou Diouf, continued these general policies together with the link to France. In the 1980s Senegal experienced budget deficits and agreed to a program

Beardsley, Aubrey

2005-02-25T18:48:00.000-08:00

Drawing was a strong interest from early childhood, and Beardsley practiced it while earning his living as a clerk. Beardsley's meeting with the English artist Sir Edward Burne-Jones

Wang Hui

2005-02-25T02:12:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization Wang Hui probably the paramount member of the group of Chinese painters known as the Four Wangs (including Wang Shimin, 1592–1680, Wang Jian, 1598–1677, and Wang Yuanqi, 1642–1715), who represented the so-called “orthodox school” of painting in the Ming and early Qing periods. The orthodox school was based upon the dicta laid down by Dong Qichang (1555–1636). It was “orthodox” in the Confucian

Hondecoeter, Melchior De

2005-02-24T11:50:00.000-08:00

Hondecoeter was the grandson of Gilles and the son of Gijsbrecht de Hondecoeter, as well as the nephew by marriage of J.B. Weenix, all of whom were painters of animals and still lifes. Hondecoeter was greatly favoured by the magnates of the Netherlands and in 1659 was made a

Arzew

2005-02-24T02:14:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Arzeu, port town, northwestern Algeria. Arzew lies near the mouth of the Wadi Mehgoun. Its natural harbour on the Mediterranean is sheltered by a mountainous promontory between the gulfs of Oran and Arzew. Arzew was an Almohad port in the 1100s. It was visited by Italian merchants in the 14th and 15th centuries and was captured and fortified by the Turks in the 16th. Occupied by the Algerian

Argentina, Trade

2005-02-23T20:35:00.000-08:00

In the 19th century Argentine beef and grain helped feed Britain's rapidly rising urban population, and

Kitakami-sammyaku

2005-02-23T13:33:00.000-08:00

(Japanese: Kitakami Range), mountain range, in northeastern Honshu, Japan, paralleling the Pacific coast and extending for about 155 mi (250 km) from southern Aomori Prefecture, through Iwate and Miyagi prefectures, to terminate in the Ojika Peninsula. The range has a maximum breadth of 50 mi and is nearly wedge shaped. The highest peak, Hayachine-san, rises to an elevation of 6,280 ft (1,914 m)

Ford, John

2005-02-22T19:48:00.000-08:00

American motion-picture director who was Hollywood's best-known director of westerns. He developed a distinctive directorial style characterized by effective cutting, an emphasis on action, colourful characterization, a sentimentalized vision of the past, and

Albany

2005-02-22T10:30:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1851) of Linn county, western Oregon, U.S., in the Willamette Valley, at the juncture of the Willamette and Calapooia rivers, 26 miles (42 km) south of Salem. Established in 1848 by Walter and Thomas Monteith and named for the New York state capital, it became a shipping point for wool, grain, and cascara bark (which is used medicinally). The Oregon and California (now Southern Pacific)

Taranto

2005-02-21T22:34:00.000-08:00

Moschopoulos, Manuel

2005-02-21T15:07:00.000-08:00

Little is known of Moschopoulos' life except what can be gathered from his correspondence and a reference in a letter of one Maximus Planudes, who describes him as his pupil. He was a prominent representative of those

Malcolm X

2005-02-21T14:13:00.000-08:00

Growing up in Lansing, Mich., Malcolm saw his house burned down at the hands

Abominable Snowman

2005-02-20T21:12:00.000-08:00

Tibetan Yeti mythical monster supposed to inhabit the Himalayas at about the level of the snow line. Though reports of actual sightings of such a creature are rare, certain mysterious markings in the snow have traditionally been attributed to it. Those not caused by lumps of snow or stones falling from higher regions and bouncing across the lower slopes have probably been produced

Black Pepper

2005-02-19T14:43:00.000-08:00

In early

Brühl, Heinrich, Graf Von (count Of)

2005-02-18T16:05:00.000-08:00

Rising rapidly under Augustus II the Strong,

Mckenna, Reginald

2005-02-18T11:21:00.000-08:00

In 1905, after serving for 10 years in the House of Commons, McKenna became financial secretary of the Treasury, and in 1907 he was

Nathans, Daniel

2005-02-17T16:16:00.000-08:00

American microbiologist who was corecipient, with Hamilton Othanel Smith of the United States and Werner Arber of Switzerland, of the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The three scientists were cited for their discovery and application of restriction enzymes that break the giant molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid

Morón

2005-02-17T09:51:00.000-08:00

In the 16th century Morón served as a way station for travelers en route to the area that is now Chile and Peru. The present-day county was part of the Pago (country district) de las Conchas during the 17th and early 18th centuries.

Mer De Glace

2005-02-17T09:01:00.000-08:00

(French: “Sea of Ice”), one of the longest glaciers in the Alps, extending for 3.5 miles (5.6 km) on the northern side of Mont Blanc near Chamonix, Fr. Formed by the confluence of the Géant and Leschaux glaciers below the Tacul massif of Mont Blanc, the glacier descends to within 0.5 mile (0.8 km) of Les Tines in the Chamonix Valley. It has clearly developed lateral and medial moraines (accumulations

Equestrian Sports, International.

2005-02-16T11:38:00.000-08:00

In 2003 the introduction of North American-style alternatives to turf courses was accelerating in European Thoroughbred racing. Sweden, Germany, and Belgium had been the first European countries to introduce dirt racing, and Lingfield Park had opened the first British “all-weather” track in October 1989. Cagnes-sur-Mer and Pau, two winter courses in the south of France, first

Smilodon

2005-02-15T04:04:00.000-08:00

Extinct genus of large carnivores known collectively by the common name sabre-toothed cat (q.v.).

Boise River

2005-02-15T01:20:00.000-08:00

Watercourse, southwestern Idaho, U.S., formed by the confluence of the Middle Fork and North Fork branches, southeast of Idaho City in Boise National Forest. It flows generally westward through Arrowrock and Lucky Peak reservoirs and through the city of Boise to join the Snake River at the Oregon line after a course of about 95 miles (150 km). Dams along the river include Lucky

Boiler

2005-02-14T07:00:00.000-08:00

Also called Steam Generator, apparatus designed to convert a liquid to vapour. In a conventional steam power plant, a boiler consists of a furnace in which fuel is burned, surfaces to transmit heat from the combustion products to the water, and a space where steam can form and collect. A conventional boiler has a furnace that burns a fossil fuel or, in some installations, waste fuels. A nuclear reactor

Sunburn

2005-02-14T02:40:00.000-08:00

Acute cutaneous inflammation caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the so-called UVB wavelength band (290–320 nanometre; a nanometre is 10-9 metre), which originates from sunlight or artificial sources. Reactions to overexposure range in severity from mild redness and tenderness to intense pain, edema (swelling), and blistering; systemic symptoms include

Priam

2005-02-13T20:46:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, the last king of Troy. He succeeded his father, Laomedon, as king and extended his control over the Hellespont. He married first Arisbe (a daughter of Merops the seer) and then Hecuba, by whom he had many children, including his favourites, Hector and Paris. Homer described Priam as an old man, powerless but kindly, not even blaming Helen, the wife of Paris,

Milky Way Galaxy, Emission nebulas

2005-02-13T04:22:00.000-08:00

A conspicuous component of the Galaxy is the collection of large, bright, diffuse gaseous objects generally called nebulas. The brightest of these cloudlike objects are the emission nebulas, large complexes of interstellar gas and stars in which the gas exists in an ionized and excited state (with the electrons of the atoms excited to a higher than normal energy

Onomatopoeia

2005-02-12T16:27:00.000-08:00

The naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (such as buzz or hiss). Onomatopoeia may also refer to the use of words whose sound suggests the sense. This occurs frequently in poetry, where a line of verse can express a characteristic of the thing being portrayed. In the following lines from Sylvia Plath's poem “Daddy,” the rhythm of the

Henner, Jean-jacques

2005-02-12T10:32:00.000-08:00

Henner studied at Strasbourg and at the École des Beaux-Arts (“School of Fine

Petroleum Refining, Aromatics

2005-02-11T21:22:00.000-08:00

The aromatic compounds, produced in the catalytic reforming of naphtha, are major sources of petrochemical products. In the traditional chemical industry, aromatics such as benzene, toluene, and the xylenes were made from coal during the course of carbonization in the production of coke and town gas. Today a much larger volume of these chemicals are made as refinery

Korolyov

2005-02-11T21:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Korolev , formerly (1938–96) Kaliningrad city, Moscow oblast (province), Central federal district, western Russia. It lies just northeast of the city of Moscow. The area, known as Kalininsky, developed after 1928 as an industrial satellite, particularly for weapons manufacture, and dormitory town of the capital. It achieved city status and was renamed Kaliningrad in 1938. In 1996 the city was renamed in honour of the scientist

Richter, Burton

2005-02-11T02:44:00.000-08:00

Richter studied at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, where he received his doctorate in 1956. That same year he became a research associate at Stanford University, Stanford,

Insurance, Japan

2005-02-10T00:18:00.000-08:00

Insurance in Japan is mainly in the hands of private enterprise, although government insurance agencies write crop, livestock, forest fire, fishery, export credit, accident and health, and installment sales credit insurance as well as social security. Private insurance companies are regulated under various statutes. Major classes of property insurance written

Rybnik

2005-02-09T10:06:00.000-08:00

Beginning as a fishing village in the 10th century, Rybnik became capital of the Racibórz principality

Mckim, Charles Follen

2005-02-09T04:33:00.000-08:00

McKim was educated at Harvard and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. He was trained as a draftsman by the architect H.H. Richardson while the latter was completing Trinity Church, Boston. In 1879 he joined William Rutherford Mead

Obi

2005-02-09T04:27:00.000-08:00

The contemporary, wide obi evolved in the early 18th century. It is frequently

Arabia, History Of, Prehistory and archaeology

2005-02-08T18:01:00.000-08:00

Stone

SimpleRiver

Aurichalcite

Hadrumetum

Ford, Edmund Brisco

Bialik, Haim Nahman

Thenard, Louis-jacques

Extremum

Epistemology, Knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description

Saarinen, (gottlieb) Eliel

Antarctica, Geologic record

Chemical Banking Corporation

Paraíba

Scipio Africanus The Elder

Vlach

Waterfall

Adams, William Taylor

Afar

Nurmi, Paavo

Adams, William Taylor

Yima

Babbage, Charles

Vagus Nerve

San Cristóbal Island

Straits Times, The

Vale Of Glamorgan

Henogamy

Rabemananjara, Jacques

Bignoniaceae

Nero

Amarna, Tell El-

A Moving Habitat:

Vouet, Simon

Kerr, Sir John Graham

Stadium

China, Korea and the Sino-Japanese War

Floral Decoration, Other cultures

Nabulus

Hughes Electronics Corporation

Tallahatchie River

Freiburg, Albert Ludwig University Of

China, Political institutions

Murakami Haruki

Yggdrasill

Keeler, James (edward)

Shensi, Resources

Burgh Family

Tabriz School

Venkataraman, Ramaswamy

Kaneohe

Breckinridge, Sophonisba Preston

Cellophane

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

Oradour-sur-glane

Anne

Philip Ii

Leninogorsk

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

Plumage

Graetz, Heinrich

Mars Pathfinder

Nephi

Amorphous Solid, Other preparation techniques

Abbott, George

Marriott, J(ohn) Willard

Bacau

Western Africa, History Of, Francophone countries

Beardsley, Aubrey

Wang Hui

Hondecoeter, Melchior De

Arzew

Argentina, Trade

Kitakami-sammyaku

Ford, John

Albany

Taranto

Moschopoulos, Manuel

Malcolm X

Abominable Snowman

Black Pepper

Brühl, Heinrich, Graf Von (count Of)

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)

Colonialism, Western, World War II (193945)